L-Py Helpcard

L-Py is based on the specification of Lstudio/cpfg-lpfg defined by P. Prusinkiewicz et al. (http://algorithmicbotany.org/lstudio).

Predefined Symbols

Here is a recap of the predefined symbol used in L-Py with their turtle interpretation:

  None None Module.

Structure

[ SB Push the state in the stack.
] EB Pop last state from turtle stack and make it the its current state.

Rotation

Pinpoint   Orient turtle toward (x,y,z) . Params : ‘x, y, z’ or ‘v’ (optionals, default = 0).
PinpointRel   Orient turtle toward pos+(x,y,z) . Params : ‘x, y, z’ or ‘v’ (optionals, default = 0).
@R SetHead Set the turtle Heading and Up vector. Params: ‘hx, hy, hz, ux, uy, uz’ or ‘h,v’ (optionals, default=0,0,1, 1,0,0).
EulerAngles   Set the orientation of the turtle from the absolute euler angles. Params: ‘azimuth, elevation, roll’ (optionals, default=180,90,0).
Left Turn left around Up vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
Right Turn right around Up vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
^ Up Pitch up around Left vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
& Down Pitch down around Left vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
/ RollL Roll left around Heading vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
RollR Roll right around Heading vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
iRollL   Roll left intrinsically around Heading vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).
iRollR   Roll right intrinsically around Heading vector. Params : ‘angle’ (optional, in degrees).

TurnAround Turn around 180deg the Up vector.
@v RollToVert Roll to Vertical : Roll the turtle around the H axis so that H and U lie in a common vertical plane with U closest to up
@h RollToHorizontal Roll to Horizontal : Roll the turtle so that H lie in the horizontal plane
LeftReflection   The turtle change the left vector to have a symmetric behavior.
UpReflection   The turtle change the up vector to have a symmetric behavior.
HeadingReflection   The turtle change the heading vector to have a symmetric behavior.

Position

@M MoveTo Set the turtle position. Params : ‘x, y, z’ or ‘v’ (optionals, default = None for not changing specific coordinates).
MoveRel   Move relatively from current the turtle position. Params : ‘x, y, z’ or ‘v’(optionals, default = 0).
@2D StartScreenProjection The turtle will create geometry in the screen coordinates system.
@3D EndScreenProjection The turtle will create geometry in the world system (default behaviour).

Scale

@Dd DivScale Divides the current turtle scale by a scale factor, Params : ‘scale_factor’ (optional, default = 1.0).
@Di MultScale Multiplies the current turtle scale by a scale factor, Params : ‘scale_factor’ (optional, default = 1.0).
@D SetScale Set the current turtle scale, Params : ‘scale’ (optional, default = 1.0).

Primitive

F   Move forward and draw. Params: ‘length , topradius’.
f   Move forward and without draw. Params: ‘length’.
nF   Produce a n steps path of a given length and varying radius. Params : ‘length, dlength [, radius = 1, radiusvariation = None]’.
@Gc StartGC Start a new generalized cylinder.
@Ge EndGC Pop generalized cylinder from the stack and render it.
{ BP Start a new polygon.
} EP Pop a polygon from the stack and render it. Params : concavetest (default=False).
. PP Add a point for polygon.
LineTo   Trace line to (x,y,z) without changing the orientation. Params : ‘x, y, z, topdiameter’ or ‘v, topdiameter’ (optionals, default = 0).
OLineTo   Trace line toward (x,y,z) and change the orientation. Params : ‘x, y, z, topdiameter’ or ‘v, topdiameter’ (optionals, default = 0).
LineRel   Trace line to pos+(x,y,z) without changing the orientation. Params : ‘x, y, z, topdiameter’ or ‘v, topdiameter’(optionals, default = 0).
OLineRel   Trace line toward pos+(x,y,z) and change the orientation. Params : ‘x, y, z, topdiameter’ or ‘v, topdiameter’ (optionals, default = 0).
@O Sphere Draw a sphere. Params : ‘radius’ (optional, should be positive, default = line width).
@B Box Draw a box. Params : ‘length’,’topradius’.
@b Quad Draw a quad. Params : ‘length’,’topradius’.
@o Circle Draw a circle. Params : ‘radius’ (optional, should be positive, default = line width).
@L Label Draw a text label. Params : ‘text’,’size’.
surface   Draw the predefined surface at the turtle’s current location and orientation. Params : ‘surface_name’ (by default, ‘l’ exists), ‘scale_factor’ (optional, default= 1.0, should be positive).
~   Draw the predefined surface at the turtle’s current location and orientation. Params : ‘surface_name’ (by default, ‘l’ exists), ‘scale_factor’ (optional, default= 1.0, should be positive).
@g PglShape Draw a geometry at the turtle’s current location and orientation. Params : ‘geometric_model’, ‘scale_factor’ (optional, should be positive) or ‘shape’ or ‘scene’ or ‘material’.
Frame   Draw the current turtle frame as 3 arrows (red=heading,blue=up,green=left). Params : ‘size’ (should be positive), ‘cap_heigth_ratio’ (in [0,1]), ‘cap_radius_ratio’ (should be positive).
Arrow   Draw an arrow. Params : ‘size’ (should be positive), ‘cap_heigth_ratio’ (in [0,1]), ‘cap_radius_ratio’ (should be positive).
SetContour   Set Cross Section of Generalized Cylinder. Params : ‘Curve2D [, ccw]’.
SectionResolution   Set Resolution of Section of Cylinder. Params : ‘resolution’ (int).
SetGuide   Set Guide for turtle tracing. Params : ‘Curve[2D|3D], length [,yorientation, ccw]’.
EndGuide   End Guide for turtle tracing.
Sweep   Produce a sweep surface. Params : ‘path, section, length, dlength [, radius = 1, radiusvariation = None]’.
PositionOnGuide   Set position on Guide for turtle tracing.

Width

_ IncWidth Increase the current line width or set it if a parameter is given. Params : ‘width’ (optional).
! DecWidth Decrease the current line width or set it if a parameter is given. Params : ‘width’ (optional).
SetWidth   Set current line width. Params : ‘width’.

Color

; IncColor Increase the current material index or set it if a parameter is given. Params : ‘index’ (optional, positive int).
, DecColor Decrease the current material index or set it if a parameter is given. Params : ‘index’ (optional, positive int).
SetColor   Set the current material. Params : ‘index’ (positive int) or ‘r,g,b[,a]’ or ‘material’.
InterpolateColors   Set the current material. Params : ‘index1’, ‘index2’, ‘alpha’ .

Tropism

@Ts Elasticity Set Branch Elasticity. Params : ‘elasticity’ (optional, default= 0.0, should be between [0,1]).
@Tp Tropism Set Tropism. Params : ‘tropism’ (optional, Vector3, default= (1,0,0)).

Request

?P GetPos Request position vector information. Params : ‘x,y,z’ or ‘v’ (optional, default=Vector3, filled by Turtle).
?H GetHead Request heading vector information. Params : ‘x,y,z’ or ‘v’ (optional, default=Vector3, filled by Turtle).
?U GetUp Request up vector information. Params : ‘x,y,z’ or ‘v’ (optional, default=Vector3, filled by Turtle).
?L GetLeft Request left vector information. Params : ‘x,y,z’ or ‘v’ (optional, default=Vector3, filled by Turtle).
?R GetRight Request right vector information. Params : ‘x,y,z’ or ‘v’ (optional, default=Vector3, filled by Turtle).
?F GetFrame Request turtle frame information. Params : ‘p,h,u,l’ (optional, filled by Turtle).

Texture

TextureBaseColor   Set the base color of the texture. Params : ‘index’ (positive int) or ‘r,g,b[,a]’ or ‘material’.
InterpolateTextureBaseColors   Set the base color of the texture from interpolation of 2 predefined material. Params : ‘index1’, ‘index2’, ‘alpha’ .
TextureScale   Set the scale coefficient for texture application. Params : ‘uscale, vscale’ (default = 1,1) or ‘scale’.
TextureUScale   Set the u-scale coefficient for texture application. Params : ‘uscale’ (default = 1).
TextureVScale TextureVCoeff Set the v-scale coefficient for texture application. Params : ‘vscale’ (default = 1).
TextureTranslation   Set the translation for texture application. Params : ‘utranslation, vtranslation’ (default = 0,0) or ‘translation’.
TextureRotation   Set the rotation for texture application. Params : ‘angle, urotcenter, vrotcenter’ (default = 0,0.5,0.5) or ‘angle, rotcenter’.
TextureTransformation   Set the transformation for texture application. Params : ‘uscale, vscale, utranslation, vtranslation, angle, urotcenter, vrotcenter’ (default = 1,1,0,0,0,0.5,0.5) or ‘scale, translation, angle, rotcenter’.

String Manipulation

X MouseIns Module inserted just before module selected by user in visualisation.
% Cut Cut the remainder of the current branch in the string.
new newmodule Create a new module whose name is given by first argument.

Pattern Matching

=]   Match exactly a closing bracket
any Used to match any module in rules predecessor. First argument will become name of the module.
x repexp, all Used to specify matching of a repetition of modules.
or || Used to specify an alternative matching of modules.
?I GetIterator Request an iterator over the current Lstring.
$ GetModule Request a module of the current Lstring.

Predefined commands

Here comes the python commands that control the simulation.

The following commands can be redefined to initialize simulation state:

def Start([lstring]) is called at the beginning of the simulation. One argument can be optionally defined to receive the input lstring. A modified lstring can be returned by the function to modify the axiom of the simulation.
def End([lstring,geometries]) is called at the end of the simulation. One or two arguments can be optionally defined to receive the final lstring and its geometric interpretation. A modified lstring or scene can be returned by the function to change output of the simulation.
def StartEach([lstring]) is called before each derivation step. One argument can be optionally defined to receive the input lstring. A modified lstring can be returned by the function to modify input lstring of the current iteration.
def EndEach([lstring,geometries]) is called after each derivation step. One or two arguments can be optionally defined to receive the current lstring and its geometric interpretation. Returning an lstring or (lstring, geometries) will be used for next iterations and display. If frameDisplayed() is False, geometries is None.
def StartInterpretation() is called at the beginning of the interpretation. Interpretable modules can be produced to generate extra graphical elements.
def EndInterpretation() is called at the end of the interpretation. Interpretable modules can be produced to generate extra graphical elements.
def PostDraw() is called after drawing the representation of a new lstring.

Python commands that control the rule application:

Stop() Stop simlation at the end of this iteration.
forward() Next iteration will be done in forward direction.
backward() Next iteration will be done in backward direction.
isForward() Test whether direction is forward.
getIterationNb() Return the id of the current iteration.
useGroup(int) Next iteration will use rules of given group and default group 0.
getGroup() Gives which group will be used.
frameDisplay(bool) Set whether a frame will be displayed at the end of the iteration. default is True in animation and False except for last iteration in run mode.
isFrameDisplayed() Tell whether a frame will be displayed at the end of the iteration.
isAnimationEnabled() Return the current simulation is in an animation.
requestSelection(caption) Wait selection in the viewer before next iteration. Set frameDisplay to True.

Lpy specific declaration:

module name Declaration of module name.
consider: name Symbol to consider.
ignore: name Symbol to ignore.
group id: Following rules will be associated to group id.
Axiom: Lstring Declaration of the axiom of the Lsystem.
produce Lstring Produce an Lstring and return.
nproduce Lstring Produce an Lstring whithout returning.
nsproduce(LstringStruct) Produce a given Lstring data structure whithout returning.
makestring(Lstring) Create an LstringStruct from Lstring.
InLeftContext(pattern, argdict) Test a left context. argdict contains value of all parameter of the pattern.
InRightContext(pattern, argdict) Test a right context. argdict contains value of all parameter of the pattern.
derivation length: value Number of derivation to do (default=1).
initial_view=*value* Number of derivation for bounding box evaluation (default=derivation length).
production: Start of the production rules declaration.
homomorphism: Start of the interpretation rules declaration.
interpretation: Start of the interpretation rules declaration.
decomposition: Start of the decomposition rules declaration.
maximum depth: Number of decomposition or interpretation recursive call to do (default=1).
endgroup Reactivate default group 0.
endlsystem End of lsystem rules declaration.

These commands have been added to the original cpfg-lpfg specification:

context() Get context of execution of the L-system. To use with care.

The following objects and commands are also accessible from within the lpy shell:

lstring Contains the last computed lsystem string of the current simulation.
lsystem Reference to the internal lsystem object representing the current simulation.
window Reference to lpy widget object.
clear() To clear the shell.

All these functions are imported from openalea.lpy module. Other data structures and functionnalities are available in the module. You can check them with help(openalea.lpy)

References

For More details, see:

    1. Boudon, T. Cokelaer, C. Pradal and C. Godin, L-Py, an open L-systems framework in Python, FSPM 2010.
    1. Prusinkiewicz et al., 89, The algorithmic Beauty of Plants, Springer-Verlag.
    1. Prusinkiewicz. Graphical applications of L-systems. Proceedings of Graphics Interface ‘86, pp. 247-253.
    1. Prusinkiewicz, R. Karwowski, and B. Lane. The L+C plant modelling language. In Functional-Structural Plant Modelling in Crop Production, J. Vos et al. (eds.), Springer, 2007.